Golf Biomechanics & Swing Analysis
Scientific approach to understanding and optimizing golf swing mechanics
The Golf Swing Kinetic Chain
Energy Transfer Sequence
- Ground force generation (feet/legs)
- Pelvic rotation initiation
- Torso/spine rotation
- Shoulder girdle movement
- Arm acceleration
- Wrist release and clubhead speed
Power Sources
- • Ground reaction forces (40-45%)
- • Hip rotation and weight shift (25-30%)
- • Torso rotation and flexibility (15-20%)
- • Arm and hand action (10-15%)
- • Wrist release timing (5-10%)
Swing Phase Biomechanics
Setup and Address
Optimal posture: 25-30° spine angle, knee flexion 20-25°, athletic stance with weight balanced 50-50. Shoulder alignment parallel to target line.
Takeaway (0-30% backswing)
One-piece takeaway with shoulders, arms, and club moving together. Maintain spine angle, begin weight shift to trail foot (60-65%).
Top of Backswing
Full shoulder turn (90-100°), hip turn (45-50°), left arm parallel to ground, weight 70-80% on trail foot. Maximum coil and potential energy.
Transition
Critical 0.2-second phase. Lower body initiates downswing while upper body completes backswing, creating separation and torque.
Impact
Return to address position with dynamic changes: weight 70-80% on lead foot, hips open 40-45°, shaft leaning forward 2-4°.
Follow-through
Complete rotation to balanced finish, 90% weight on lead foot, full hip and shoulder rotation, maintaining spine angle through impact.
3D Motion Analysis Technology
Measurement Systems
- • TrackMan 3D kinematic analysis
- • MyLift biomechanics platform
- • GEARS Golf 3D motion capture
- • AMM 3D Golf analysis
- • K-Motion 3D swing analysis
- • TPI (Titleist Performance Institute) screen
Key Metrics Measured
- • Club and body segment velocities
- • Joint angles and ranges of motion
- • Acceleration profiles
- • Ground reaction forces
- • Center of mass movement
- • Sequence timing and efficiency
Force Production and Power Analysis
Ground Reaction Forces
Vertical forces: 1.2-1.5x body weight at impact. Horizontal forces create lateral and rotational movements. Force plates measure 3D ground forces.
Power Generation
Peak power occurs in transition phase. Elite players generate 3-5 HP during downswing. Power = Force × Velocity at each body segment.
Efficiency Factors
Kinematic sequence timing, energy transfer between segments, and minimizing energy leaks through proper sequencing and stability.
Biomechanical Swing Fault Analysis
Lower Body Faults
Early Extension
Hips move toward ball during downswing, causing loss of posture and inconsistent contact
Reverse Pivot
Weight moves to lead foot in backswing, trail foot in downswing - opposite of optimal pattern
Sliding
Excessive lateral movement without rotation, reducing power and accuracy
Upper Body Faults
Over-the-Top
Outside-in swing path caused by early shoulder rotation and arm dominance
Casting
Early release of wrist angles, losing lag and reducing clubhead speed
Flying Elbow
Lead elbow separates from body, reducing control and power transfer
Biomechanics-Based Training
Movement Pattern Training
Specific exercises targeting swing sequence, stability, and mobility based on individual biomechanical assessment findings.
Force Development
Ground-based exercises, rotational power training, and sequential movement patterns to optimize kinetic chain efficiency.
Neuromuscular Training
Motor learning protocols, timing drills, and feedback training to improve movement quality and consistency.